Preheat your oven to 425°F and line a large sheet pan with parchment paper for easy cleanup. Position the oven rack in the middle position so vegetables roast evenly without burning.
Place all prepared vegetables into a large mixing bowl—Brussels sprouts, butternut squash, carrots, both bell peppers, broccoli, and red onion. Drizzle with olive oil and toss thoroughly until each piece glistens with coating.
Sprinkle garlic powder, paprika, dried thyme, dried rosemary, salt, and black pepper over the vegetables. Toss again to distribute seasonings evenly, ensuring no dry pockets remain in the bowl.
Spread your loaded sheet pan fall veggie dinner mixture across the prepared sheet pan in a single layer, leaving some space between pieces. Roast for 20-25 minutes, stirring halfway through the cooking time to promote even browning on all sides.
Remove the pan from the oven when vegetables are fork-tender with caramelized, golden edges. This sheet pan meal is nearly complete—the vegetables should show slight char marks and smell absolutely incredible.
While still hot, sprinkle grated Parmesan cheese over the roasted vegetables and drizzle with balsamic vinegar. The residual heat melts the cheese slightly while the vinegar adds brightness and tang to balance the sweetness.
Let everything rest for 2-3 minutes, allowing flavors to meld together. Taste and adjust seasonings if needed before serving to your family.